In the 1880s, Matteos Mamurian invited Srpouhi Dussap to submit essays for Arevelian Mamal. [63] In 1182, most Latin (Western European) inhabitants of Constantinople were massacred.[64]. It killed perhaps 40% of the city's inhabitants. Another major siege was instigated by the usurper T… Tension between the citizens and the Latin soldiers increased. Constantine set about expanding the territory of old Byzantium, dividing it into 14 sections and constructing a new outer wall. [93][94][95] The Chinese histories even related how the city had been besieged in the 7th century by Muawiyah I and how he exacted tribute in a peace settlement. [88], In the past the Bulgarian newspapers in the late Ottoman period were Makedoniya, Napredŭk, and Pravo. The emperor Leo III issued a decree in 726 against images, and ordered the destruction of a statue of Christ over one of the doors of the Chalke, an act that was fiercely resisted by the citizens. D’après la Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitana… Palaces and hovels alike were entered and wrecked. Ancient History Encyclopedia. It would be governed by Roman law, observe Christianity and adopt Greek as its primary language, although it would serve as a melting pot of races and cultures due to its unique geographic location straddling Europe and Asia. It was where (as a shadow of the popular elections of old Rome) the people by acclamation showed their approval of a new emperor, and also where they openly criticized the government, or clamoured for the removal of unpopular ministers. The Age of Suleyman the Magnificent. In 1261, Constantinople was captured from its last Latin ruler, Baldwin II, by the forces of the Nicaean emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. This church was to remain the burial place of the Emperors from Constantine himself until the 11th century. Justinian was also concerned with other aspects of the city's built environment, legislating against the abuse of laws prohibiting building within 100 feet (30 m) of the sea front, in order to protect the view. Constantinople is also of great religious importance to Islam, as the conquest of Constantinople is one of the signs of the End time in Islam. where fish and stag graze on the same pasture, The Venetians [...] seized treasures and carried them off to adorn [...] their town. Following the conqueror, the most prominent ruler of the Ottomans was Suleyman the Magnificent (who ruled from 1520 to 1566). [9] The city was the home of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and guardian of Christendom's holiest relics such as the Crown of thorns and the True Cross. Sa Tungang Panahon kun Edad Medya, ang Constantinople mao ang kinadak-an ug labing adunahan nga dakbayan sa Uropa. Such was the influence of Byzantine art in the twelfth century, that Russia, Venice, southern Italy and Sicily all virtually became provincial centres dedicated to its production.". Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94a): "İstanbul'un adları" ["The names of Istanbul"]. The importance of Constantinople increased, but it was gradual. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stanford and Ezel Shaw (1977): History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. [7] The city became famous for its architectural masterpieces, such as Hagia Sophia, the cathedral of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which served as the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the sacred Imperial Palace where the Emperors lived, the Galata Tower, the Hippodrome, the Golden Gate of the Land Walls, and opulent aristocratic palaces. Because it was located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara the land area that needed defensive walls was reduced, and this helped it to present an impregnable fortress enclosing magnificent palaces, domes, and towers, the result of the prosperity it achieved from being the gateway between two continents (Europe and Asia) and two seas (the Mediterranean and the Black Sea). Although besieged on numerous occasions by various armies, the defences of Constantinople proved impregnable for nearly nine hundred years. 1 on p. 49 for discussion about the Byzantine diplomat sent to, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Great Siege of Constantinople/Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, sponsoring the consolidation of the Christian church, The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople, Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, Age of Empires II: The Conquerors Expansion, "Preserving The Intellectual Heritage – Preface", Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades, "The Restoration of Constantinople under Michael VIII", https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_19_3_2011_10.pdf, "fall of Constantinople | Facts, Summary, & Significance", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, "San Marco Basilica | cathedral, Venice, Italy", "Game Informer 218 details (Assassin's Creed, Rayman Origins)", Islamic Ritual Preaching (Khutbas) in a Contested Arena: Shi'is and Sunnis, Fatimids and Abbasids, "AZIZ (365-386/975-996), 15TH Iman – Ismaili.net – Heritage F.I.E.L.D. When Michael VIII captured the city, its population was 35,000 people, but, by the end of his reign, he had succeeded in increasing the population to about 70,000 people. [85], Even before Constantinople was founded, the markets of Byzantion were mentioned first by Xenophon and then by Theopompus who wrote that Byzantians "spent their time at the market and the harbour". Constantinople stood as the seat of the Byzantine Empire for the next 1,100 years, enduring periods of great fortune and horrific sieges, until being overrun by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire in 1453. Additionally, Justinian established a uniform system of law with the Justinian Code, which would serve as a blueprint for civilizations to come. In: 'Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi', ed. [84] Mehmed issued orders across his empire that Muslims, Christians, and Jews should resettle the city, with Christans and Jews are required to pay jizya and muslims pay Zakat; he demanded that five thousand households needed to be transferred to Constantinople by September. 1. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! (Aussi rite byzantin.) In Justinian's age the Mese street running across the city from east to west was a daily market. Princes of Kyiv, Venetian doges, abbots of Monte Cassino, merchants of Amalfi, and the kings of Sicily all looked to Byzantium for artists or works of art. Some versions of the founding myth say Byzas was the son of a local nymph, while others say he was conceived by one of Zeus' daughters and Poseidon. He launched successful military campaigns that helped the Byzantines reclaim territories lost with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century, expanding its borders to encircle the Mediterranean Sea. It is an impressive testament to the strength of tradition how little these arrangements had changed since the office, then known by the Latin version of its title, had been set up in 330 to mirror the urban prefecture of Rome. Each guild had its own monopoly, and tradesmen might not belong to more than one. ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos (Constantinople 25 Mar 1297-Constantinople 15 Jun 1341). Constantinople. For its predecessor in Greek and early Roman times, see, "Constantinopolis" and "Konstantinopolis" redirect here. Byzance (en grec ancien Βυζάντιον / Buzántion, en latin Byzantium) est une ancienne cité grecque, capitale de la Thrace, située à l'entrée du Bosphore sous une partie de l'actuelle Istanbul.La cité a été reconstruite par Constantin I er et, renommée Constantinople en 330 apr. Il a changé les nom de la ville à Novaroma (la nouvelle Rome) pour montrer l’importance économique et politique de la nouvelle ville. A double set of walls was added after a series of earthquakes in the mid-fifth century, the inner layer standing some 40 feet high and studded with towers that reached another 20 feet. [69] However, this act of maintenance is an exception: for the most part, the Latin occupiers were too few to maintain all of the buildings, either secular and sacred, and many became targets for vandalism or dismantling. [26] Apart from this, little is known about this initial settlement. Vol II, p. 386; Robinson (1965), The First Turkish Republic, p. 298, Commemorative coins that were issued during the 330s already refer to the city as. Already then, in Greek and early Roman times, Byzantium was famous for its strategic geographic position that made it difficult to besiege and capture, and its position at the crossroads of the Asiatic-European trade route over land and as the gateway between the Mediterranean and Black Seas made it too valuable a settlement to abandon, as Emperor Septimius Severus later realized when he razed the city to the ground for supporting Pescennius Niger's claimancy. Constantinople (/ˌkɒnstæntɪˈnoʊpəl/[5] Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολη; Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis; Turkish: Kostantiniye) was the capital city of the Roman Empire (330–395), the Byzantine Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the brief Crusader state known as the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1923). Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453. The site, according to the founding myth of the city, was abandoned by the time Greek settlers from the city-state of Megara founded Byzantium(Βυζάντιον) in around 657 BC,[19] across from the town of Chalcedon on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus. The Liturgies, Divine Office, forms for the administration of sacraments and for various blessings, sacramentals, and exorcisms, of the Church of Constantinople, which is now, after the Roman Rite, by far the most widely spread in the world. After 45,000 captives were marched from the city, building projects were commenced immediately after the conquest, which included the repair of the walls, construction of the citadel, and building a new palace. Construite entre 324 et 336, la « Nouvelle Rome » a été inaugurée le 11 mai 330. [57] Constantine V convoked a church council in 754, which condemned the worship of images, after which many treasures were broken, burned, or painted over with depictions of trees, birds or animals: One source refers to the church of the Holy Virgin at Blachernae as having been transformed into a "fruit store and aviary". Histoire de Constantinople depuis le regne de l'ancien Justin, jusqu'a la finde l'empire. "The Names of Constantinople". First settled in the seventh century B.C., Constantinople developed into a thriving port thanks to its prime geographic location between Europe and Asia and its natural harbor. [49], Theodora, widow of the Emperor Theophilus (died 842), acted as regent during the minority of her son Michael III, who was said to have been introduced to dissolute habits by her brother Bardas. [18][19] The name appears to have been quickly forgotten and abandoned, and the city reverted to Byzantium/Byzantion after either the assassination of Caracalla in 217 or, at the latest, the fall of the Severan dynasty in 235. Sabba, métropolite de Pologne. The Convention of Constantinople, a treaty signed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on 29 October 1888, regulates the use of the Suez Canal.. "Largest cities through history." Also, alone in Europe until the 13th-century Italian florin, the Empire continued to produce sound gold coinage, the solidus of Diocletian becoming the bezant prized throughout the Middle Ages. Despite his illiteracy, he followed Justinian by undertaking renovations and attempting further codification of laws, and successfully pushed the empire’s borders south. 152–153; see also endnote No. "The Chronicle of John Malalas", Bk 18.86 Translated by E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys, and R. Scott. By the next day the Doge and the leading Franks were installed in the Great Palace, and the city was given over to pillage for three days. According to N.H. Baynes (Byzantium, An Introduction to East Roman Civilization): With its love of luxury and passion for colour, the art of this age delighted in the production of masterpieces that spread the fame of Byzantium throughout the whole of the Christian world. [16][17] The founding myth of the city has it told that the settlement was named after the leader of the Megarian colonists, Byzas. Constantinople en devient la capitale sous le nouveau nom d'Istamboul. J B Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, p. 75. [89], The city provided a defence for the eastern provinces of the old Roman Empire against the barbarian invasions of the 5th century. The chief leader, known as the Sultan, was given absolute ...read more, Israel is small country in the Middle East, about the size of New Jersey, located on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered by Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Its wide avenues were lined by statues of great rulers like Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, as well as one of Constantine himself as Apollo. [11] However, many people escaped again from the city, and there were several outbreaks of plague, so that in 1459 Mehmed allowed the deported Greeks to come back to the city. À partir de 380 et du règne de Théodose I (r. 379 -395), Constantinople devient la résidence permanente de l’empereur en même temps que se développe la construction d’édifices publics et religieux de toutes sortes. Alexius V fled. [84] From all over the Islamic empire, prisoners of war and deported people were sent to the city: these people were called "Sürgün" in Turkish (Greek: σουργούνιδες). Constantinople was built over six years, and consecrated on 11 May 330. Justinian I, who reigned from 527 to 565 A.D., weathered the Nika Revolt early in his tenure and used the occasion to undertake extensive renovations of the city. where two pups drink of the gray sea, This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years. Along with spurring the spread of iconoclasm in the Empire, Leo III (who ruled from 717 to 741 A.D.) fought off an Arab siege of the city and stabilized the throne after recent years of upheaval. On the south side of the great square was erected the Great Palace of the Emperor with its imposing entrance, the Chalke, and its ceremonial suite known as the Palace of Daphne. Pour des raisons politiques, il passa la majeure partie des années 1440 à nouveau à Cambrai, puis une bonne part des années 1450 en Savoie (aujourd’hui partagée entre la France, la Suisse et l’Italie) avant de retourner à Cambrai passer les dernières années de sa vie. "[71], The Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes reportedly saved several churches from being dismantled for their valuable building materials; by sending money to the Latins "to buy them off" (exonesamenos), he prevented the destruction of several churches. In the language of other peoples, Constantinople was referred to just as reverently. [48], In the 730s Leo III carried out extensive repairs of the Theodosian walls, which had been damaged by frequent and violent attacks; this work was financed by a special tax on all the subjects of the Empire. Thousands of Turkoman tribesmen crossed the unguarded frontier and moved into Anatolia. After the shock of the Battle of Adrianople in 378, in which the emperor Valens with the flower of the Roman armies was destroyed by the Visigoths within a few days' march, the city looked to its defences, and in 413–414 Theodosius II built the 18-metre (60-foot)-tall triple-wall fortifications, which were not to be breached until the coming of gunpowder. The city is the world’s only metropolis to be on more than one continent. La cité grecque de Byzance a été créée vers 667 avant notre ère, au carrefour de l'Europe et de l'Asie. Visionnez la performance en direct demain, mercredi 16 septembre, à 6h40 du matin EDT (Montréal), 12h40 CEST (Europe), ou encore 19h40 KST (Corée du Sud). [11] Two centuries later, Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi gave a list of groups introduced into the city with their respective origins. The peace terms demanded by Alp Arslan, sultan of the Seljuk Turks, were not excessive, and Romanus accepted them. Because of its size, Istanbul extends into both Europe and Asia. These controversies contributed to the deterioration of relations between the Western and the Eastern Churches. Margaret Barker, Times Literary Supplement 4 May 2007, p. 26. [52] However, following the death of an Emperor, they became known also for plunder in the Imperial palaces. He removed Theodora from the Great Palace to the Carian Palace and later to the monastery of Gastria, but, after the death of Bardas, she was released to live in the palace of St Mamas; she also had a rural residence at the Anthemian Palace, where Michael was assassinated in 867. [18][21]This name was used in Turkish alongside Kostantiniyye, the more formal adaptation of the original Constantinople, during the period of Ottoman rule, while western languages mostly continued to refer to the city as Constantinople until the early 20th century. Ibn Batutta who traveled to the city in 1325 wrote of the bazaars "Astanbul" in which the "majority of the artisans and salespeople in them are women".[86]. Constantinople, Paris: See 5 unbiased reviews of Constantinople, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #12,638 of 18,036 restaurants in Paris. © 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC. CodyCross Solution pour ANCIEN NOM DE CONSTANTINOPLE de mots fléchés et mots croisés. Chariot-racing had been important in Rome for centuries. Yule (1915), 46–49; see footnote No. Washington Government Printing Office, 1913. Constantinople is also a setting of the Vampire: The Dark Ages role playing game by White Wolf. [50], In 860, an attack was made on the city by a new principality set up a few years earlier at Kyiv by Askold and Dir, two Varangian chiefs: Two hundred small vessels passed through the Bosporus and plundered the monasteries and other properties on the suburban Prince's Islands. Beautiful silks from the workshops of Constantinople also portrayed in dazzling colour animals – lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins – confronting each other, or represented Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase. Constantinople/Istanbul. Toward the end of Manuel I Komnenos's reign, the number of foreigners in the city reached about 60,000–80,000 people out of a total population of about 400,000 people. In 1928, the Turkish alphabet was changed from Arabic script to Latin script. The history of Palestine has been marked by frequent political conflict and violent land seizures because of its importance to several major world ...read more, The Hagia Sophia is an enormous architectural marvel in Istanbul, Turkey, that was originally built as a Christian basilica nearly 1,500 years ago. Voici LES SOLUTIONS de Codycross POUR "Ancien nom de constantinople" CodyCross Cirque Groupe 93 Grille 1. He also granted funds for the restoration of the Church of the Holy Apostles, which had been seriously damaged in an earthquake.[71]. "Twenty Years in the Ottoman capital: the memoirs of Dr. Hristo Tanev Stambolski of Kazanlik (1843-1932) from an Ottoman point of view." Sir Steven Runciman, historian of the Crusades, wrote that the sack of Constantinople is "unparalleled in history". This was presumably a calque on a Greek phrase such as Βασιλέως Πόλις (Vasileos Polis), 'the city of the emperor [king]'. With the Great Schism of 1054, when the Christian church split into Roman and Eastern divisions, Constantinople became the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church, remaining so even after the Muslim Ottoman Empire took control of the city in the 15th century. Of the primary schools 561 were of the lower grade and 65 were of the higher grade; of the latter, 34 were public and 31 were private. ", Constantinople under Justinian is the scene of the book, "Constantinople" is the title of a song by, Constantinople makes an appearance in the MMORPG game, Constantinople makes an appearance in the ", Constantinople also makes an appearance in ", Constantinople makes an appearance in the game ", Constantinople is the main setting of the game ". Alice-Mary Talbot cites an estimated population for Constantinople of 400,000 inhabitants; after the destruction wrought by the Crusaders on the city, about one third were homeless, and numerous courtiers, nobility, and higher clergy, followed various leading personages into exile. But the new Alexius IV found the Treasury inadequate, and was unable to make good the rewards he had promised to his western allies. [60] John II built the monastery of the Pantocrator (Almighty) with a hospital for the poor of 50 beds. Procopius claimed "more than 500 prostitutes" did business along the market street. This contributed to cultural and theological differences between Eastern and Western Christianity eventually leading to the Great Schism that divided Western Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy from 1054 onwards. Malgré la croyance populaire, la ville conservera le nom de Constantinople (et non Istanbul!) At its peak, roughly corresponding to the Middle Ages, it was the richest and largest European city, exerting a powerful cultural pull and dominating economic life in the Mediterranean. They rushed in a howling mob down the streets and through the houses, snatching up everything that glittered and destroying whatever they could not carry, pausing only to murder or to rape, or to break open the wine-cellars [...] . The modern Turkish name for the city, İstanbul, derives from the Greek phrase eis tin polin (εἰς τὴν πόλιν), meaning "(in)to the city". Under the Comnenian dynasty (1081–1185), Byzantium staged a remarkable recovery. In terms of technology, art and culture, as well as sheer size, Constantinople was without parallel anywhere in Europe for a thousand years. Història Vegeu també: Bizanci L'emperador Constantí la va fundar el 330, li va dir «Nova Roma» tot i que el nom oficial fou Constantinòpolis i fou posada sota l'advocació de la verge Maria. [61], With the restoration of firm central government, the empire became fabulously wealthy. CONSTANTINOPLE — Quelles visions magiques évoque ce nom ! Young Constantine rose to power in the west when his father, Constantius, died. In 1204, however, the armies of the Fourth Crusade took and devastated the city, and its inhabitants lived several decades under Latin rule. Before their departure, the ship of the commander Belisarius was anchored in front of the Imperial palace, and the Patriarch offered prayers for the success of the enterprise. In 1261 the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos liberated the city, and after the restoration under the Palaiologos dynasty, enjoyed a partial recovery. The population was rising (estimates for Constantinople in the 12th century vary from some 100,000 to 500,000), and towns and cities across the realm flourished. À partir de 360, la croissance urbaine prend un essor considérable dont témoigne la construction de ports sur la mer de Marmara pour pallier les insuffisances du Neorion et du Prosphorion sur la Corne d’Or ainsi que le début de vastes travaux d’adduction d’eau . Although the Seventh Ecumenical Council of 787 reversed that decision, iconoclasm resumed as a rule of law less than 30 years later and lasted until 843. He was called Saviour of Europe. In Constantinople, the hippodrome became over time increasingly a place of political significance. https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/constantinople. First settled in the seventh century B.C., Constantinople developed into a J M Hussey, The Byzantine World, Hutchinson, London, 1967, p. 92. During this time, the city was also called 'Second Rome', 'Eastern Rome', and Roma Constantinopolitana. Throughout the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the chariot-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens. Constantinople under Justinian. argue that these sophisticated fortifications allowed the east to develop relatively unmolested while Ancient Rome and the west collapsed. Constantinople is one of the territories featured in the, Constantinople appears as the capital of the Byzantine civilization in several installments of the video game series ". [22][23][24][25] In time the city came to be known as Istanbul and its variations in most world languages. About.com. [43], Justinian also had Anthemius and Isidore demolish and replace the original Church of the Holy Apostles and Hagia Irene built by Constantine with new churches under the same dedication. George Finlay, History of the Byzantine Empire, Dent, London, 1906, pp. The Byzantine nobility scattered, many going to Nicaea, where Theodore Lascaris set up an imperial court, or to Epirus, where Theodore Angelus did the same; others fled to Trebizond, where one of the Comneni had already with Georgian support established an independent seat of empire. a narrow strip of the Thracian shore at the mouth of the Pontos, Its city walls were much imitated (for example, see Caernarfon Castle) and its urban infrastructure was moreover a marvel throughout the Middle Ages, keeping alive the art, skill and technical expertise of the Roman Empire. Ang teksto puyde magamit ubos sa Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; puyde madugangan ang mga termino. Il y mourut en 1474, reconnu comme un citoyen très éminent. By 1080, a huge area had been lost to the Empire, and the Turks were within striking distance of Constantinople. [31] It was a move greatly criticized by the contemporary consul and historian Cassius Dio who said that Severus had destroyed "a strong Roman outpost and a base of operations against the barbarians from Pontus and Asia". However, further sieges followed the Arab conquests, first from 674 to 678 and then in 717 to 718. The partisans of the Blues and the Greens were said[40] to affect untrimmed facial hair, head hair shaved at the front and grown long at the back, and wide-sleeved tunics tight at the wrist; and to form gangs to engage in night-time muggings and street violence. Heraclius, son of the exarch of Africa, set sail for the city and assumed the throne. Le 19 septembre 2018 le patriarche d'Alexandrie Théodore II s'est rendu en Pologne à l'invitation de S.E. Ball (2016), pp. The city was built on a promontory projecting into the Bosphorus (Bosporus), which is the strait between the Sea of Marmara (Propontis) and the Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus). While Constantine’s founding of New Rome coincided with efforts to establish Christianity as the state religion, that didn’t formally happen until after Theodosius I ascended to power in 379. Découvrez les bonnes réponses, synonymes et autres types d'aide pour résoudre chaque puzzle. En 1453, les Ottomans prennent Constantinople. More than 400 feet long, it's estimated to have seated up to 100,000 people. "[42] Hagia Sophia was served by 600 people including 80 priests, and cost 20,000 pounds of gold to build. They were known for their ferocity, honour, and loyalty. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. In the late 11th century catastrophe struck with the unexpected and calamitous defeat of the imperial armies at the Battle of Manzikert in Armenia in 1071. Blessed are those who will inhabit that holy city, Theodosius I founded the Church of John the Baptist to house the skull of the saint (today preserved at the Topkapı Palace), put up a memorial pillar to himself in the Forum of Taurus, and turned the ruined temple of Aphrodite into a coach house for the Praetorian Prefect; Arcadius built a new forum named after himself on the Mese, near the walls of Constantine. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul. Much like the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Parthenon in Athens, the Hagia Sophia is a long-enduring symbol of the cosmopolitan ...read more, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was an army officer who founded an independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. The Rite of Constantinople Sacre de Constantinople Catholic Information Information catholique (Also BYZANTINE RITE.) Constantinople was founded by the Roman Emperor Constantine I (272–337) in 324[6] on the site of an already-existing city, Byzantium, which was settled in the early days of Greek colonial expansion, in around 657 BC, by colonists of the city-state of Megara. Constantinople endured for more than 1,100 years as the Byzantine capital in large part due to the protective wall completed under Theodosius II in 413. 1, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963. p. 6, Inalcik, Halil. sculptor Lysippos, and monumental figures of Hera, Paris, and Helen. Cette ville a ensuite porté le nom de Constantinople.
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